Valerie contracts with Esteban, who agrees to build a stone retaining wall and drain on her property. The wall and drain are necessary to prevent erosion of her land, which is falling into the creek on her property at a rapid rate. If Esteban breaches the contract, Valerie is under a legal obligation to:.
a. wait until Esteban is prepared to build the wall and drain.
b. mitigate her damages.
c. do nothing, because she is the innocent party and thus has no legal duties.
d. absorb all of the costs associated with the property erosion caused by Esteban's breach.

Pennewell publishing inc. (pp) is a zero growth company. it currently has zero debt and its earnings before interest and taxes (ebit) are $80,000. pp's current cost of equity is 10%, and its tax rate is 40%. the firm has 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding selling at a price per share of $48.00. refer to the data for pennewell publishing inc. (pp). pp is considering changing its capital structure to one with 30% debt and 70% equity, based on market values. the debt would have an interest rate of 8%. the new funds would be used to repurchase stock. it is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the added leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise to 12%. if this plan were carried out, what would be pp's new value of operations? a. $484,359 b. $521,173 c. $584,653 d. $560,748 e. $487,805