First movers often fail because: they fail to leverage their competitive assets. their competitive advantage is unfair. they are operating in a perfect market. they lack complementary resources needed to sustain their advantages.

On january 1, 2018, jay company acquired all the outstanding ownership shares of zee company. in assessing zee's acquisition-date fair values, jay concluded that the carrying value of zee's long-term debt (8-year remaining life) was less than its fair value by $21,600. at december 31, 2018, zee company's accounts show interest expense of $14,440 and long-term debt of $380,000. what amounts of interest expense and long-term debt should appear on the december 31, 2018, consolidated financial statements of jay and its subsidiary zee? long-term debt $401,600 $398,900 $401,600 $398,900 interest expense $17,140 $17,140 $11,740 $11,740 a. b. c. d.

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e. g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Kelso electric is debating between a leveraged and an unleveraged capital structure. the all equity capital structure would consist of 40,000 shares of stock. the debt and equity option would consist of 25,000 shares of stock plus $280,000 of debt with an interest rate of 7 percent. what is the break-even level of earnings before interest and taxes between these two options?