Which stage of new product development requires management to estimate minimum and maximum sales to assess the range of risk in launching a new product?

When cell phones were first entering the market, they were relatively large and reception was undependable. all cell phones were essentially the same. but as the technology developed, many competitors entered, introducing features unique to their phones. today, cell phones are only a small fraction of the size and weight of their predecessors. consumers can buy cell phones with color screens, cameras, internet access, daily planners, or voice activation (and any combination of these features). the history of the cell phone demonstrates what marketing trend?

As sales exceed the break‑even point, a high contribution‑margin percentage (a) increases profits faster than does a low contribution-margin percentage (b) increases profits at the same rate as a low contribution-margin percentage (c) decreases profits at the same rate as a low contribution-margin percentage (d) increases profits slower than does a low contribution-margin percentage

Which of the following is true concerning the 5/5 lapse rule? a) the 5/5 lapse rule deems that a taxable gift has been made where a power to withdraw in excess of $5,000 or five percent of the trust assets is lapsed by the powerholder. b) the 5/5 lapse rule only comes into play with a single beneficiary trust. c) amounts that lapse under the 5/5 lapse rule qualify for the annual exclusion. d) gifts over the 5/5 lapse rule do not have to be disclosed on a gift tax return.