( /10) Economic Growth a. Define GDP, identify what is not included, define the four components, and give an example of each (/5) b. Explain the difference between nominal and real GDP. Use a simplified numerical example with two different years to show your understanding. (/5)

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country at a specific time period.

Explanation:

Economic growth is the increase in the total output of goods and services in the economy.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country at a specific time period. The four components of the gross domestic product (GDP) are personal consumption, business investment, government spending, and net exports (difference between export and import)

GDP = C + I + G + (X - M).

where C = consumption

I = investment

G = government expenditure

(X - M) = Net Export

The items not included in the are

1. Sales of goods produced outside the domestic borders of a country.

2. Sales of used goods.

3. Black market i.e. the illegal sales of goods and services.

4. Intermediate goods.

Nominal GDP is measure of the monetary value of all the final goods and services that are produced within a country at current market prices while Real GDP is the measure of a country’s output using the value of its goods and services, investments, government spending and exports. Real GDP is the nominal GDP and adjustment in inflation or deflation.

For example, if nominal GDP is $120,000 and the deflator is 1.4. Calculate Real GDP.

Real GDP = Nominal GDP / Deflator

= 120000 / 1.4

= $ 85714.29

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