In an attempt to eliminate spectacles from the market, Lensamt, a company that manufactures and supplies contact lenses, launched an advertising campaign to popularize its products. To counter this and stay in the market, the spectacle manufacturers introduced new offers and discounts on spectacles. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?
A) Design competition
B) Technological lockout
C) Technological substitution
D) Design iteration

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

Suppose general motors demands labor according to the labor demand function 푤푤= 40−0. 5퐸퐸, where 푤푤 is the hourly wage and 퐸퐸 is the number of employees. the united auto workers union has a utility function given by 푈푈=푊푊∗퐸퐸. a. in 1984, the united auto workers union started negotiations with general motors by assuming that they were a monopoly union. find the wage and employment demands that the united auto workers union would have demanded before any bargaining began. b. if general motors and the united auto workers union both had excellent bargaining representatives, would this be the final labor contract? if not, then explain in words and graphically where they would end up after the bargaining process.

Medtronic, inc., is a medical technology company that competes for customers with st. jude medical s. c., inc. james hughes worked for medtronic as a sales manager. his contract prohibited him from working for a competitor for one year after leaving medtronic. hughes sought a position as a sales director for st. jude. st. jude told hughes that his contract with medtronic was unenforceable and offered him a job. hughes accepted. medtronic filed a suit, alleging wrongful interference. which type of interference was most likely the basis for this suit? did it occur here? medtronic, inc., is a medical technology company that competes for customers with st. jude medical s. c., inc. james hughes worked for medtronic as a sales manager. his contract prohibited him from working for a competitor for one year after leaving medtronic