In defining development to include more than just the growth of per capita income, there is an implicit assumption that the growth of per capita income alone is not sufficient to guarantee the reduction of poverty and the growth of self-esteem. Is it possible that there could be growth of per capita income without the achievement of these other objectives?

Intermodal transportation;

These tragedies are more likely to occur  when the benefit to the individual for using a bit more of the resource is greater than the associated cost.for example, a company may choose to dump all of its manufacture waste on the public lake (collective resource) because the cost of actually creating waste  management system would be higher compared to simply dumping them into the lake.