All of the following are considered routine business messages except a. an all-staff memo that outlines the new procedures for processing returned merchandise. b. an e-mail reply to a customer acknowledging that an order has been shipped. c. an e-mail message to a coworker that confirms the time for an upcoming meeting. d. a letter to a customer denying a request for credit.

List at least two policies or procedures your company can use to protect the health and safety of employees

Which basic economic questions deals with the issue of how the incomeof people in various occupations is determined

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine