Trois elles corporation recently prepared a manufacturing cost budget for an output of 58,000 units, as follows:

direct materials $116,000
direct labor 58,000
variable overhead 87,000
fixed overhead 116,000

actual units produced amounted to 68,000. actual costs incurred were: direct materials, $117,000; direct labor, $68,000; variable overhead, $116,000; and fixed overhead, $113,000. if trois elles evaluated performance by the use of a flexible budget, a performance report would reveal a total variance of (round intermediate calculations to 2 decimals and the final answer to the nearest dollar amount.):

a. $8,000 favorable.
b. $5,000 favorable.
c. $44,000 unfavorable.
d. $37,000 unfavorable.
e. none of these.