Which of the following is an example of labor-market discrimination? you may assume that worker a and worker b have identical characteristics except for the ones listed. a firm offers a higher salary to worker a than worker b because worker a

a. has more experience.
b. is willing to travel two weeks out of each month, whereas worker b will not travel more than three nights a month.
c. has a special certification that directly relates to her job, whereas worker b does not.
d. is a young blonde woman, whereas worker b is an older, gray-haired man.

Penny poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: puppy pride, the approach she has been using for any years, or doggie do-right, a new approach. penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study. the dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the puppy pride or doggie do-right course. at the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100). the design of this study is: