Tom and his family have developed a successful business selling a liquid spray fertilizer to farmers. the fertilizer consists of rich, organic, composted material. recently nubreed seed, a national seed company, has been marketing a powdered chemical fertilizer to its customers; nubreed's fertilizer is less expensive than tom's product.
nubreed's efforts are an example of the in porter's model for industry analysis.

a) threats of substitute products and services
b) threats of new ideas
c) power of the suppliers
d) competitive rivalry among competitors
e) buyers' negotiating influence

Suppose that a monopolistically competitive restaurant is currently serving 260 meals per day (the output where mr

Laval produces lamps and home lighting fixtures. its most popular product is a brushed aluminum desk lamp. this lamp is made from components shaped in the fabricating department and assembled in the assembly department. information related to the 22,000 desk lamps produced annually follows. direct materials $280,000direct labor fabricating department (8,000 dlh × $24 per dlh) $192,000assembly department (16,600 dlh × $26 per dlh) $431,600machine hours fabricating department $15,200mhassembly department $20,850mhexpected overhead cost and related data for the two production departments follow. fabricating assemblydirect labor hours 150,000dlh 295,000dlhmachine hours 161,000mh 128,000mhoverhead cost $400,000 430,000required1. determine the plantwide overhead rate for laval using direct labor hours as a base.2. determine the total manufacturing cost per unit for the aluminum desk lamp using the plantwide overhead rate.3. compute departmental overhead rates based on machine hours in the fabricating department and direct labor hours in the assembly department.4. use departmental overhead rates from requirement 3 to determine the total manufacturing cost per unit for the aluminum desk lamps.

(a) what do you think will happen if the price of non-gm crops continues to rise? why? (b) what will happen if the price of non-gm food drops? why?