Novak corp. reported retained earnings at december 31, 2018, of $317,000. novak had 190,000 shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of 2019. the following transactions occurred during 2019. 1. a cash dividend of $0.35 per share was declared and paid. 2. a 5% stock dividend was declared and distributed when the market price per share was $15 per share. 3. net income was $284,000. compute the ending balance in retained earnings at the end of 2019.

Steele bicycle manufacturing company currently produces the handlebars used in manufacturing its bicycles, which are high-quality racing bikes with limited sales. steele produces and sells only 10,000 bikes each year. due to the low volume of activity, steele is unable to obtain the economies of scale that larger producers achieve. for example, steele could buy the handlebars for $31 each: they cost $34 each to make. the following is a detailed breakdown of current production costs: after seeing these figures, steele's president remarked that it would be foolish for the company to continue to produce the handlebars at $34 each when it can buy them for $31 each. calculate the total relevant cost. do you agree with the president's conclusion?

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Explain whether each of the following events increases or decreases the money supply. a. the fed buys bonds in open-market operations. b. the fed reduces the reserve requirement. c. the fed increases the interest rate it pays on reserves. d. citibank repays a loan it had previously taken from the fed. e. after a rash of pickpocketing, people decide to hold less currency. f. fearful of bank runs, bankers decide to hold more excess reserves. g. the fomc increases its target for the federal funds rate.