The hawthorne studies proved that

a. a high level of job satisfaction causes higher production

b. there is no relationship between job satisfaction and productivity

c. a high level of productivity causes higher job satisfaction

d. there is a correlation between job satisfaction and productivity

d. there is a correlation between job satisfaction and productivity

Explanation:

The Hawthorne Studies are primarily known for the Hawthorne effect - individuals (group) changing their behavior (productivity) when they become observed.

This was firstly done with illumination experiments, where it was proven that experiments including both increasing and diminishing light sources result in increased productivity, simply due to the fact that the individuals were observed and in an experiment.

On the other hand, the later phase of the project included the bank wiring room experiments. These experiments had the purpose to find out how payment increases (job satisfaction) correlate with productivity. The result implied the decrease of productivity, which was caused by employee suspicion regarding the payment increase background (they thought it would justify the firing of other workers).

As a variable in organizational psychology and management, job satisfaction was more researched in the other half of the 20th century.

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