For each of the following inventory errors occurring in 2018, determine the effect of the error on 2018's cost of goods sold, net income, and retained earnings using understated (u), overstated (o), or no effect (ne). assume that the error is not discovered until 2019 and that a periodic inventory system is used. ignore income taxes. cost of net retained goods sold income earnings 1. overstatement of ending inventory 2. overstatement of purchases 3. understatement of beginning inventory 4.freight-in charges are understated 5. understatement of ending inventory 6. understatement of purchases 7. overstatement of beginning inventory 8. understatement of purchases plus understatement of ending inventory by the same amount

Costco wholesale corporation operates membership warehouses selling food, appliances, consumer electronics, apparel and other household goods at 471 locations across the u. s. as well as in canada, mexico and puerto rico. as of its fiscal year-end 2005, costco had approximately 21.2 million members. selected fiscal-year information from the company's balance sheets follows. ($ millions). selected balance sheet data 2005 2004 merchandise inventories $4,015 $3,644 deferred membership income (liability) 501 454 (a) during fiscal 2005, costco collected $1,120 cash for membership fees. use the financial statement effectstemplate to record the cash collected for membership fees. (b) in 2005, costco recorded $46,347 million in merchandise costs (that is, cost of goods sold). record thistransaction in the financial statement effects template. (c) determine the value of merchandise that costco purchased during fiscal-year 2005. use the financial statementeffects template to record these merchandise purchases. assume all of costco's purchases are on credit.