Pfizer inc., a pharmaceutical company, reported net income for fiscal 2016 of $7,215 million, retained earnings at the start of the year of $71,993 million and dividends of $7,448 million, and other transactions with shareholders that increased retained earnings during the year by $14 million. if there were no additional transactions during the year that affected retained earnings, what was the balance of retained earnings at the end of the year?

Bonds often pay a coupon twice a year. for the valuation of bonds that make semiannual payments, the number of periods doubles, whereas the amount of cash flow decreases by half. using the values of cash flows and number of periods, the valuation model is adjusted accordingly. assume that a $1,000,000 par value, semiannual coupon us treasury note with three years to maturity has a coupon rate of 3%. the yield to maturity (ytm) of the bond is 7.70%. using this information and ignoring the other costs involved, calculate the value of the treasury note: