Drogo, inc., is trying to determine its cost of debt. the firm has a debt issue outstanding with 23 years to maturity that is quoted at 97 percent of face value. the issue makes semiannual payments and has an embedded cost of 5 percent annually. what is the company’s pretax cost of debt? if the tax rate is 35 percent, what is the aftertax cost of debt? if the tax rate is 35 percent, what is the aftertax cost of debt?

before taxes 5.23%

after tax: 3.40%

Explanation:

The bonds coupon interest rate is not the market rate . If Drogo Inc tries to take debt in the market it will be at a different rate as it is not selling at par.

We should determinate the market rate of the bond.

The bond sales as 97% which means the present value of the coupon payment and maturity discounted at the market rate equal 97% of the face value

We solve for this using excel and get:

Present value of the coupon payments

C25  (1,000 x 5% / 2 payment per year)

time46  (23 years x 2 payment)

rate0.026128

PV$664.7027  

Present value

Maturity   1,000.00  

time   46.00  

rate  0.026128

PV   305.30  

PV coupon  $664.7027  + PV maturity  $305.2973  =  $970.0000  

We know have to multiply this rate by 2 as it is semiannual like the payment:

0.026128 * 2 = 0.0523 = 5.23%

Last we calcualte the after tax cost of debt:

0.0523 (1 - 0.35) = 0.033995‬ = 3.40%

answer: i'd say the answer is d because the information system is the human already doing the activity.

answer; i believe the correct answer is (form utility); good luck