Middle managers of a marketing firm were addressing the problem of creating eye-catching ads that were able to be easily reproduced in both color and black and white. one manager said, "the main problem here is we should be using color to lure the consumer instead of trying to minimize costs with black and white ads." which of the following best describes the decision-making problem that this manager is exhibiting?

a. the manager is engaging in escalation of commitment.
b. the manager is being too creative.
c. the manager is involved in participative decision making.
d. the manager is suffering from the representativeness heuristic.
e. the manager is defining the problem in terms of a solution.

Sara is a manager at a restaurant with employees from different cultural backgrounds. which action of sara could employees perceive as an act of favoritism?

Vulcan flyovers offers scenic overflights of mount st. helens, the volcano in washington state that explosively erupted in 1982. data concerning the company’s operations in july appear below: vulcan flyovers operating data for the month ended july 31 actual results flexible budget planning budget flights (q) 56 56 54 revenue ($350.00q) $ 16,500 $ 19,600 $ 18,900 expenses: wages and salaries ($3,300 + $91.00q) 8,354 8,396 8,214 fuel ($31.00q) 1,904 1,736 1,674 airport fees ($870 + $35.00q) 2,730 2,830 2,760 aircraft depreciation ($11.00q) 616 616 594 office expenses ($240 + $1.00q) 464 296 294 total expense 14,068 13,874 13,536 net operating income $ 2,432 $ 5,726 $ 5,364 the company measures its activity in terms of flights. customers can buy individual tickets for overflights or hire an entire plane for an overflight at a discount. required: 1. prepare a flexible budget performance report for july that includes revenue and spending variances and activity variances.

Managers in a firm hired to improve the firm's profitability and ultimately the shareholders' value will add to the overall costs if they pursue their own self-interests. what does this best illustrate? a. diseconomies of scale b. principal-agent problem c. experience-curveeffects d. information asymmetries