How would each of the following affect the u. s. money supply? explain. 1. banks decide to hold more excess reserves. (excess reserves are reserves over and above what banks are legally required to hold against deposits.) 2. people withdraw cash from their bank accounts for christmas shopping. 3. the federal reserve sells gold to the public. 4. the federal reserve reduces the interest rate it pays on deposits of depository institutions held at the fed.

Anew firm is developing its business plan. it will require $615,000 of assets, and it projects $450,000 of sales and $355,000 of operating costs for the first year. management is reasonably sure of these numbers because of contracts with its customers and suppliers. it can borrow at a rate of 7.5%, but the bank requires it to have a tie of at least 4.0, and if the tie falls below this level the bank will call in the loan and the firm will go bankrupt. what is the maximum debt ratio the firm can use? (hint: find the maximum dollars of interest, then the debt that produces that interest, and then the related debt ratio.)a. 41.94%b. 44.15%c. 46.47%d. 48.92%e. 51.49%