Consider a newsvendor problem where demand is expected to be normally distributed with a mean of 1,000 units and a standard deviation of 800 units. this is a high-margin monopoly item, with a variable production cost of $2 per unit and a sales price of $100 per unit. in addition, the producer must pay $1 to discard any unsold units. how many units should be produced?

In the 1970s, kmart used blue light specials to encourage customers to flock to a particular department having a temporary sale. a spinning blue light activated for approximately 30 seconds, and then an in-store announcement informed shoppers of the special savings in the specific department. over time, loyal kmart shoppers learned to flock to the department with the spinning blue light before any announcement of special savings occurred. if kmart was employing classical conditioning techniques, what role did the spinning blue light play?