Which one of the following best illustrates an error which you, as a project manager, might make due to confirmation bias?
1) overestimating the best outcome expected from a project while underestimating the possibility of a less favorable outcome.
2) assuming that a new project will be profitable since similar projects in the past were successful.
3) assuming that your expectations of the future outcome from a project are more accurate than the expectations of others within your organization.
4) listening to the advice of subordinates with whom you agree while ignoring the advice of subordinates with whom you tend to disagree.
5) downplaying the cost of future failure of an existing project since the project has already paid for itself.

Suppose general motors demands labor according to the labor demand function 푤푤= 40−0. 5퐸퐸, where 푤푤 is the hourly wage and 퐸퐸 is the number of employees. the united auto workers union has a utility function given by 푈푈=푊푊∗퐸퐸. a. in 1984, the united auto workers union started negotiations with general motors by assuming that they were a monopoly union. find the wage and employment demands that the united auto workers union would have demanded before any bargaining began. b. if general motors and the united auto workers union both had excellent bargaining representatives, would this be the final labor contract? if not, then explain in words and graphically where they would end up after the bargaining process.

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu

An outside manufacturer has offered to produce 60,000 daks and ship them directly to andretti's customers. if andretti company accepts this offer, the facilities that it uses to produce daks would be idle; however, fixed manufacturing overhead costs would be reduced by 75%. because the outside manufacturer would pay for all shipping costs, the variable selling expenses would be only two-thirds of their present amount. what is andretti's avoidable cost per unit that it should compare to the price quoted by the outside manufacturer?