For which of the following reason(s) may firms experience economies of scale?
a. firm's production may increase with a smaller proportional increase in at least one input.
b. large firms may be able to purchase inputs at lower costs than smaller competitors; they can also borrow money at a lower interest rate.
c. both managers and workers may become more specialized and hence more productive as output expands.
d. all of the above.

The following accounts appeared in recent financial statements of delta air lines. identify each account as either a balance sheet account or an income statement account. for each balance sheet account, identify it as an asset, a liability, or stockholders' equity. for each income statement account, identify it as a revenue or an expense. item financial statement type of account accounts payable balance sheet advanced payments for equipment balance sheet air traffic liability balance sheet aircraft fuel (expense) income statement aircraft maintenance (expense) income statement aircraft rent (expense) income statement cargo revenue income statement cash balance sheet contract carrier arrangements (expense) income statement flight equipment balance sheet frequent flyer (obligations) balance sheet fuel inventory balance sheet landing fees (expense) income statement parts and supplies inventories balance sheet passenger commissions (expense) income statement passenger revenue income statement prepaid expenses income statement taxes payable balance sheet

Match the items with the actions necessary to reconcile the bank statement.(there's not just one answer)1. interest credited in bank account2. fee charged by bank for returned check3. checks issued but not deposited4. deposits yet to be crediteda. add to bank statementb. deduct from bank statementc. add to personal statementd. deduct from personal statement

Calculate the cost of each capital component—in other words, the after-tax cost of debt, the cost of preferred stock (including flotation costs), and the cost of equity (ignoring flotation costs). use both the capm method and the dividend growth approach to find the cost of equity. calculate the cost of new stock using the dividend growth approach. what is the cost of new common stock based on the capm? (hint: find the difference between re and rs as determined by the dividend growth approach and then add that difference to the capm value for rs.)assuming that gao will not issue new equity and will continue to use the same target capital structure, what is the company’s wacc? e. suppose gao is evaluating three projects with the following characteristics. each project has a cost of $1 million. they will all be financed using the target mix of long-term debt, preferred stock, and common equity. the cost of the common equity for each project should be based on the beta estimated for the project. all equity will come from reinvested earnings. equity invested in project a would have a beta of 0.5 and an expected return of 9.0%.equity invested in project b would have a beta of 1.0 and an expected return of 10.0%.equity invested in project c would have a beta of 2.0 and an expected return of 11.0%.analyze the company’s situation, and explain why each project should be accepted or rejected g