Julius asks rachel if she would like to sell her boat. rachel privately has no interest in selling her boat, and believes that julius can't afford her boat anyway. rachel says, "i'd sell my boat to you for $20,000." to rachel's surprise, julius responds "ok, it's a deal." rachel does not want to sell the boat to julius for any price. julius and rachel have:
a. not formed a valid contract because of lack of definiteness in the contract terms.
b. not formed a valid contract because rachel did not want to sell the boat for any price.
c. formed a valid contract because rachel's outward expressions showed the formation of a contract.
d. formed a valid contract because julius expressed outward interest in the boat.

Aprice ceiling is “binding” if the price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price. suppose that the equilibrium price is $5. if a price ceiling is set at $6, this will not affect the market in any way since $5 remains a legally allowable price (since $5 < $6). a price ceiling of $6 is called a “non-binding” price ceiling. on the other hand, if the price ceiling is set at $4, the price ceiling is “binding” because the natural equilibrium price is $5 but that is no longer allowed. what happens when there is a binding price ceiling? at a price below the equilibrium price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied. there is a shortage. normally, price increases eliminate shortages by increasing quantity supplied and decreasing quantity demanded. in this case, however, price increases are not allowed past the price ceiling. we therefore predict that the observed market price will be right at the price ceiling and there will be a permanent shortage. the observed quantity bought and sold will be dictated by the quantity supplied at the price ceiling. although consumers would like to buy more, there are no more units for sale

Used cars usually have options: higher depreciation rate than new cars lower financing costs than new cars lower insurance premiums than new cars lower maintenance costs than new cars

Carmen co. can further process product j to produce product d. product j is currently selling for $20 per pound and costs $15.75 per pound to produce. product d would sell for $38 per pound and would require an additional cost of $8.55 per pound to produce. what is the differential revenue of producing product d?