"as a new member of the challenge for charity group, you notice that the association has its own way of operating. last week, the other association members told you about their last halloween party. apparently, all of the members of the club became very drunk, and you get the impression that drinking is a common practice for club members. this is an example of members into the culture of the organization through the use of ."

Modern firms increasingly rely on other firms to supply goods and services instead of doing these tasks themselves. this increased level of is leading to increased emphasis on management.

Ronald sees that his employer's stock has grown from $20 a share to $60 a share this year, while most stocks have seen only 5% growth. his employer offers to let him convert a large portion of his salary into stock options. what is not a valid reason to turn down the stock offer? a)stocks with high returns have high volatility, and ronald's company may not grow further. b)ronald may be taxed more for capital gains than he would be for employment income. c)stock options are illiquid, and ronald may not be able to use them to pay for unexpected bills. d)ronald would be committing stock fraud if he exercises the options.

Suppose that, on the basis of a nation’s production possibilities curve, an economy must sacrifice 10,000 pizzas domestically to get the 1 additional industrial robot it desires but that it can get the robot from another country in exchange for 9,000 pizzas. now consider the following statement: “through international specialization and trade, a nation can reduce its opportunity cost of obtaining goods and thus ‘move outside its production possibilities curve.’”