Identify which of the following statements is true. a.if the shareholder can elect to receive distributing corporation stock or money, the receipt of distributing corporation stock will be a taxable dividend. b.corporate payments for the shareholder's benefit may be a taxable dividend. c.loans made to shareholders in proportion to their stock ownership in the corporation is evidence that the loans are disguised dividends. d.all of the above are true

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.