On november 1, 2017, indigo company adopted a stock-option plan that granted options to key executives to purchase 25,500 shares of the company’s $9 par value common stock. the options were granted on january 2, 2018, and were exercisable 2 years after the date of grant if the grantee was still an employee of the company. the options expired 6 years from date of grant. the option price was set at $50, and the fair value option-pricing model determines the total compensation expense to be $382,500. all of the options were exercised during the year 2020: 17,000 on january 3 when the market price was $65, and 8,500 on may 1 when the market price was $76 a share. prepare journal entries relating to the stock option plan for the years 2018, 2019, and 2020. assume that the employee performs services equally in 2018 and 2019.

Zachary company produces commercial gardening equipment. since production is highly automated, the company allocates its overhead costs to product lines using activity-based costing. the costs and cost drivers associated with the four overhead activity cost pools follow: activities unit level batch level product level facility level cost $ 64,800 $ 27,730 $ 15,000 $ 154,000 cost driver 2,400 labor hrs. 47 setups percentage of use 11,000 units production of 780 sets of cutting shears, one of the company’s 20 products, took 240 labor hours and 7 setups and consumed 15 percent of the product-sustaining activities. required: (a) had the company used labor hours as a company wide allocation base, how much overhead would it have allocated to the cutting shears? (b) how much overhead is allocated to the cutting shears using activity-based costing? (c) compute the overhead cost per unit for cutting shears first using activity-based costing and then using direct labor hours for allocation if 780 units are produced. if direct product costs are $150 and the product is priced at 30 percent above cost for what price would the product sell under each allocation system? (d) assuming that activity-based costing provides a more accurate estimate of cost, indicate whether the cutting shears would be over- or underpriced if direct labor hours are used as an allocation base. explain how over-or undercosting can affect vaulker's profitability. (e) comment on the validity of using the allocated facility-level cost in the pricing decision. should other costs be considered in a cost- plus pricing decision? if so, which ones? what costs would you include if you were trying to decide whether to accept a special order?

Four key marketing decision variables are price (p), advertising (a), transportation (t), and product quality (q). consumer demand (d) is influenced by these variables. the simplest model for describing demand in terms of these variables is: d = k – pp + aa + tt + qq where k, p, a, t, and q are constants. discuss the assumptions of this model. specifically, how does each variable affect demand? how do the variables influence each other? what limitations might this model have? how can it be improved?

Markets and competition in a perfectly competitive market, all producers sell identical goods or services. additionally, there are many buyers and sellers. because of these two characteristics, both buyers and sellers in perfectly competitive markets are pricetakers . true or false: the market for lettuce does exhibit the two primary characteristics that define perfectly competitive markets. true false