Smoking levels: according to the centers for disease control and prevention, the proportion of u. s. adults age 25 or older who smoke is .22. a researcher suspects that the rate is lower among u. s. adults 25 or older who have a bachelor's degree or higher education level. what is the null hypothesis in this case?

the null hypothesis is: The proportion of U.S. adults age 25 or older who smoke is 0.22

Explanation:

A null hypothesis is presumed to be true until evidence proves the contrary. Statistical data nullifies it for an alternative hypothesis.

In this case, the null hypothesis is: The proportion of U.S. adults age 25 or older who smoke is 0.22

The hypothesis that has to prove it is different is: the proportion of U.S. adults age 25 or older who smoke is lower than  0.22

answer/// real gdp decreases to y3 and the price level falls to p3;

answer; advertising;