James, the manager of andy's candy, a popular confectioner in illinois, is in charge of outlining future organizational goals to employees at company meetings and emphasizing the ethical guidelines which employees are expected to follow at work. according to mintzberg, he is performing the role of a

Which of the following is an effective strategy when interest rates are falling? a. use long-term loans to take advantage of current low rates. b. use short-term loans to take advantage of lower rates when you refinance a loan. c. deposit to a short-term savings instrumentals to take advantage of higher interest rates when they mature. d. select short-term savings instruments to lock in earnings at a current high rates.

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e. g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Evaluate a real situation between two economic actors; it could be any scenario: two competing businesses, two countries in negotiations, two kids trading baseball cards, you and another person involved in an exchange or anything else. use game theory to analyze the situation and the outcome (or potential outcome). be sure to explain the incentives, benefits and risks each face.