George works in a factory and is a member of the labor union. he thinks his wages are low for the work that he does, so he tells the union
representative that his employer should increase his wages. the representative asks the other workers if they feel the same, and they all agree. the
following week, the union representative met with the factory owner regarding an increase in wages, and the employer agreed to it what strategy did
the union use to get the owner to agree to increase wages?
a. individual bargaining
b. threaten to go on a strike
c. collective bargaining
d. threaten to quit their jobs
e. filing a petition to the government

Risk is the risk of a decline in a bond's value due to an increase in interest rates. this risk is higher on bonds that have long maturities than on bonds that will mature in the near future. risk is the risk that a decline in interest rates will lead to a decline in income from a bond portfolio. this risk is obviously high on callable bonds. it is also high on short-term bonds because the shorter the bond's maturity, the fewer the years before the relatively high old-coupon bonds will be replaced with new low-coupon issues. which type of risk is more relevant to an investor depends on the investor's , which is the period of time an investor plans to hold a particular investment. longer maturity bonds have high risk but low risk, while higher coupon bonds have a higher level of risk and a lower level of risk. to account for the effects related to both a bond's maturity and coupon, many analysts focus on a measure called , which is the weighted average of the time it takes to receive each of the bond's cash flows. conceptual question: which of the following bonds would have the largest duration? a)10year-zero coupon bonds b)10year-7% annual coupon bonds c)10year-3% annual coupon bonds d)5year-3% annual coupon bonds e)3year-7% annual coupon bonds