He following calendar year-end information is taken from the december 31, 2017, adjusted trial balance and other records of leone company. advertising expense $ 34,000 depreciation expense—office equipment 9,750 depreciation expense—selling equipment 8,700 depreciation expense—factory equipment 34,550 factory supervision 106,860 factory supplies used 9,350 factory utilities 39,900 direct labor 678,000 indirect labor 65,600 miscellaneous production costs 10,675 office salaries expense 67,950 raw materials purchases* 977,500 rent expense—office space 28,400 rent expense—selling space 31,800 rent expense—factory building 79,200 maintenance expense—factory equipment 39,000 sales 4,762,500 sales salaries expense 411,760 *assume that the raw materials inventory account is used only for direct materials. indirect materials are recorded in a factory supplies account. required: classify each of the costs as either a product or period cost. then, classify each of the product costs as either direct materials, direct labor, or factory overhead and each of the period costs as either selling or general and administrative expenses. (leave no cell blank.)

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e. g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.