In 2008, cruise ship lines announced they were increasing prices from $7 to $9 per person per day because of increased fuel costs. according to one analyst, fuel costs for carnival corporation's 84-ship fleet jumped $900 million to $2 billion in 2008 and its cost per passenger per day has jumped from $10 to $33. assuming that these firms are oligopolistic and the outcome is a nash-cournot equilibrium , why did prices rise less than in proportion to per-passenger-per-day cost? at the cournot equilibrium, prices rose less than in proportion to per-passenger-per-day costs because a. the number of firms must have decreased. b. marginal costs do not affect oligopoly prices. c. consumers are infinitely price sensitive. d. consumer demand is not perfectly inelastic. e. only fixed costs affect oligopoly prices.

Maldonia has a comparative advantage in the production of , while lamponia has a comparative advantage in the production of . suppose that maldonia and lamponia specialize in the production of the goods in which each has a comparative advantage. after specialization, the two countries can produce a total of million pounds of lemons and million pounds of coffee.

Each of the following scenarios is based on facts in anactual fraud. categorize each scenario as primarily indicating (1) anincentive to commit fraud, (2) an opportunity to commit fraud, or(3) a rationalization for committing fraud. also state your reasoningfor each scenario. a. there was intense pressure to keep the corporation ' stock from declining further. this pressure came from investors, analysts, and the ceo, whose financial well-being was significantly dependent on the corporation ' s stock price. b. a group of top-level management was compensated (mostly in the form of stock-options) well in excess of what would be considered normal for their positions in this industry. c. top management of the company closely guards internal financial information, to the extent that even some employees on a “need-to-know basis” are denied full access. d. managing specific financial ratios is very important to the company, and both management and analysts are keenly observant of variability in key ratios. key ratios for the company changed very little even though the ratios for the overall industry were quite volatile during the time period. e. in an effort to reduce certain accrued expenses to meet budget targets, the cfo directs the general accounting department to reallocate a division’s expenses by a significant amount. the general accounting department refuses to acquiesce to the request, but the journal entry is made trough the corporate office. an accountant in the general accounting department is uncomfortable with the journal entries required to reallocate divisional expenses. he brings his concerns to the cfo, who assures him that everything will be fine and that the entries are necessary. the accountant considers resigning, but he does not have another job lined up and is worried about supporting his family. therefore, he never voices his concerns to either the internal or external auditors. f. accounting records were either nonexistent or in a state of such disorganization that significant effort was required to locate or compile them.

In microeconomics, the point at which supply and demand meet is called the blank price