The practice of tying is used to: a. control the retail price of a collection of related products. b. package products to sell at a combined price closer to a buyer's total willingness to pay. c. encourage the enforcement of collusive agreements. d. enhance the enforcement of antitrust laws.

b. package products to sell at a combined price closer to a buyer's total willingness to pay.

Explanation:

Tying is a process under which a product is sold tied to some other product which ensures, that the buyer is not buying the product from somewhere else, and that the product is sold in combination with that of some other product at a price closest to the willingness of the buyer.

Thus, statement b) is most appropriate

that states that the combined product is sold at a price which is almost or nearby to the price which the buyer would be willing to pay.

the investment was $14,174.196

explanation:

a lump sum means that the father of the example made one deposit and leave it be.

we need to know the value of a capital that generated at 4.05% per year during 28 years the sum of $48,613.24

now clearing the formula to solve for capital we got:

and we reach the answer investment = $14,174.20

there's 11 people for the 1st position. then, no matter who gets it, there's only 10 left for the second, and then 9 left for the third. 11 x 10 x 9 = 990.   the answer is there are 990 different ways the positions can be filled by these applicants