The functional currency of bertrand, inc.’s irish subsidiary is the euro. bertrand borrowed euros as a partial hedge of its investment in the subsidiary. since then, the euro has decreased in value. bertrand’s negative translation adjustment on its investment in the subsidiary exceeded its foreign exchange gain on its euro borrowing. how should bertrand report the effects of the negative translation adjustment and foreign exchange gain in its consolidated financial statements?

Suppose a mutual fund qualifies as having moderate risk if the standard deviation of its monthly rate of return is less than 3%. a mutual-fund rating agency randomly selects 27 months and determines the rate of return for a certain fund. the standard deviation of the rate of return is computed to be 2.19%. is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the fund has moderate risk at the alpha equals 0.05 level of significance? a normal probability plot indicates that the monthly rates of return are normally distributed.