Suppose first main street bank, second republic bank, and third fidelity bank all have zero excess reserves. the required reserve ratio is 20%. the federal reserve buys a government bond worth $1,500,000 from hubert, a client of first main street bank. he deposits the money into his checking account at first main street bank.

Explain whether each of the following events increases or decreases the money supply. a. the fed buys bonds in open-market operations. b. the fed reduces the reserve requirement. c. the fed increases the interest rate it pays on reserves. d. citibank repays a loan it had previously taken from the fed. e. after a rash of pickpocketing, people decide to hold less currency. f. fearful of bank runs, bankers decide to hold more excess reserves. g. the fomc increases its target for the federal funds rate.