Cyclical unemployment a. has a different explanation than does the natural rate of unemployment. b. refers to the year-to-year fluctuation in unemployment around an economy's natural rate of unemployment. c. is closely associated with short-run ups and downs of economic activity. d. all of the above are correct.

In each of the following, what happens to the unemployment rate? does the unemployment rate give an accurate impression of what’s happening in the labor market? a. esther lost her job and begins looking for a new one. b.sam, a steelworker who has been out of work since his mill closed last year, becomes discouraged and gives up looking for work. c.dan, the sole earner in his family of 5, just lost his $90,000 job as a research scientist. immediately, he takes a part-time job at starbucks until he can find another job in his field.