In my research, i found that the levels of "gonadotropins" in the body are critical to understanding how the drugs clomid and ortho tri-cyclen work. what are gonadotropins? what structure releases them? (2)

I believe the gonadotropins are hormones secreted by the gonads and are released by the testes and ovaries.

Gonadotropins are a group of hormones secreted by the female and male reproductive system. The organs that produce are Testes and Ovaries. The hormones are released due to action of another polypetide hormone called the gonadotropin releasing hormone that stimulates the male gonads (testis) to produce the steroid hormone called testosterone and the female gonads (ovaries) to produce estrogen.

All the gonadotropin hormones are steroid in nature and they are lipophilic hence they can pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and cause a change in the gene expression inside the nucleus of the target cell. Control of these hormones is via the Hypothalamus Pituitary Gonadal (HPG) axis and the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis. The steroid hormone testosterone can also be produced by the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland in the topmost layer called the zona glomerulosa. The drugs clomid and ortho tri-cyclen target the these to axes in order to produce the desired response.

Clomid acts on the female HPG axis by acting on specific estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus where it has a negative feedback mechanism on the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone thus impacting the production of gonadotropic hormones through upregulation.

ortho tri-cyclen is an oral contraceptive that inhibits ovuating by acting on the female HPG axis where it has a negative feedback mechanism on the hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone. It inhibits the FSH hormone production in the anterior pituitary gland meaning there will be no maturation of the ovarian follicle into the graafian follicle which will produce the hormone estrogen necessary for the thickening of the endometrial layer of the uterus. Inhibitin estrogen production also means that it will prevent the cervical mucus from becoming thin in order to allow the passage of sperms during sexual intercourse.

Learn more about the menstrual cycle:

Learn more about steroid hormones:

Learn more about gonadal hormones:

Level: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: Reproduction

answer; i believe the answer is hydraulic action;

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