In which environment would primary succession take place? check all that apply. an abandoned field a cooling lava flow a valley under a glacier an unused farm a burnt forest a deserted mine

Primary succession happens in a place where there is no soil cover or it is removed.

an abandoned field- Secondary; because there is cover of soil left, even if vegetation is removed.  

a cooling lava flow- Primary; volcanic events lead to loss of soil layer, so this would lead to primary succession  

a valley under a glacier- Primary; retreating glaciers are lead to primary succession  

an unused farm-Secondary; the soil cover is still present

a burnt forest- Secondary; soil cover is still left for vegetation to start over again

a deserted mine- Primary; because there would be barren rocks left, so soil would be formed by pioneer species first.

there are so many examples for that in different areas, like biology experiment carried out in our lab recently.

here's one link:

the answer is d p: cell, q: organ, r: organ system, s: tissue