Prolactin (prl) is a pituitary hormone that regulates milk production in lactating mammals. prl production is controlled by hormones produced in the hypothalamus. in response to either the presence or absence of a specific stimulus, a signal is sent to the brain that triggers the hypothalamus to secrete either a releasing hormone or an inhibitory hormone. the flowchart below shows the pathways for prl production and regulation. drag the labels onto the flowchart to identify the pathways for prolactin (prl) production and regulation. not all labels will be used.

A stimulus, which in this case is the (a) suckling by young, reaches the (b) hypothalamus. This causes the release of the hormone (d) TRH by the hypothalamus. TRH is a hypothalamic hormone which triggers the release of prolactin (PRL) by the anterior pituitary.
Therefore, the release of TRH stimulates the PRL secretion from the (e) anterior pituitary. Once the PRL reaches the bloodstream, it targets the cells of the (f) mammary glands. As a response, the mammary glands (g) produce milk. 

This response participates in a positive feedback loop, which maintains or even increases the response when suckling triggers the appropriate nerve impulses.

PRL is also under negative control by the hypothalamus. When no stimulus is present, (c) dopamine is released by the hypothalamus. This causes the suppression of PRL secretion and inhibits the response of milk production.

The function of the prolactin hormone is to increase milk production.

Further Explanation

Prolactin is a hormone produced in the front of the pituitary gland (pituitary), uterus, brain, breast, prostate, fat layer, skin, and immune cells. Prolactin production is controlled by two main hormones, namely dopamine, and estrogen. Both of these hormones send messages to the pituitary gland to start or stop the production of the hormone prolactin. The hormone dopamine works to block the production of prolactin, while the hormone estrogen is responsible for increasing it. If the levels of the hormone prolactin in the body are abnormal, both too low and too high, various health problems can arise.

When entering the end of pregnancy, the mother's body has also been preparing to produce milk. In this condition, the level of the hormone prolactin can increase by about 10-20 times the normal level. In addition to the prolactin hormone, the hormone insulin also plays a role in the production of normal lactation. The function of the hormone insulin to help process the expenditure of milk to the nipple.

The main benefit of the hormone prolactin is that it stimulates milk production. In addition to these benefits, it turns out there are many other benefits of the hormone prolactin. In addition to the benefits associated with breast milk production, the hormone prolactin in women plays a role in metabolism, the immune system, regulating the menstrual cycle, and regulating body fluid levels. In men, the benefit of the hormone prolactin is to encourage sperm production.

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Prolactin

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Grade:  High School

Subject:  Biology

keywords:  Prolactin, hypothalamus.

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