8]under which of the following conditions will speciation not occur? (1 point)
a. logging operations in a forest cut a single population of beetles in two so that they can no longer mix.***
b. some snails in a population develop shells that twist to the right instead of to the left, which makes mating impossible with partners of opposite shell shape.
c. a newly constructed housing development divides the habitat of a bird species in two, forcing the birds to fly from one section to the other.
d. some females of a species of spider prefer to mate with males that have red markings while other females prefer to mate with males with no markings

There are fewer than 100 naturally occurring elements in the universe, but there are millions of different unified substances. explain how this can be true.

Refer to the family pedigree shown here. in generation i, one parent is affected by the gene mutation and one parent isn't. in generation ii, all three children are affected by the gene mutation. what can you conclude about this gene mutation? a. all children born in future generations will be affected by this disorder. b. this gene mutation is a dominant disorder. c. this gene mutation is a recessive disorder. d. the generation i mother is a carrier of this gene mutation.

Monarch butterflies have brightly colored orange wings with black patterns on them, making them easily visible to birds that eat butterflies and moths, yet birds rarely eat the monarchs. likewise, the monarch caterpillars are brightly striped yellow and white and black, and they also are rarely eaten by birds, although some wasps will attack them and feed them to their young. what can be inferred from these observations? monarchs must threaten and attack birds, but not wasps. monarchs have a way of discouraging bird predation that does not involve hiding. monarchs’ wings are so colorful that most birds must find them difficult to eat. monarchs lay more eggs than other less conspicuous butterflies.