The processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval are seen as part of the model of memory

The  processes  of  encoding, storage  and   retrieval   are  seen  as  part the   information  processing  model  of  memory

 The  information   processing  model  is  a  framework  used  by   cognitive  psychologist  to  explain  and  describe   mental  processes.  The  model  assume  that  human  cognition  is  like  a  computer  and  the  way  human  brain  work  is  by  processing  information  through  a   series  of  stages

That is true tge cactus as a structural adaptation to its envirinment has it leaves reduced to spines. but this doesnt mean it cant produce food it produces food because of the presence of chlorophyll in its stem