When biologists speak of a universal genetic code they are referring to the fact that, in nearly all organisms, a) the dna sequences are identical. b) rna information is transcribed. c) rna specifies proteins the same way. d) phenotype is dependent upon genotype.

C) RNA specifies proteins the same way.

In nearly all organisms, elements in mitochondrial RNA (called codons) specify each of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins.

the framers of the constitution insisted that federal judges be nominated instead of elected due to their desire to have judges above the shifting whims of the masses.

the hope, whether achieved or not, was that federal judges would only be beholden to the law and that by not having judges be elected, they would be protected if that law dictated an outcome that ran counter to popular opinion.

substitution is the answer in this case