Is a mutational effect generally greater in a substitution or a deletion? explain your answer clearly.

Which of the following factors would not contribute to allopatric speciation? a) a population becomes geographically isolated from the parent population. b) the separated population is small, and genetic drift occurs. c) the isolated population is exposed to different selection pressures than the ancestral population. d) different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations. e) gene flow between the two populations is extensive.

The scientific method is limited to investigating physical phenomena that are which of the following? select all that apply. observable repeatable falsifiable unique measurable

Cloning an individual usually produces orangisms that (1) contain dangerous mutations (2) contain identical genes (3) are identical in appearance and behavior (4) produce enzymes different from the parent