What do geologist use to determine a rock's layers absolute age

According to the theory of punctuated equilibrium, at what rate does speciation occur? species change depending on the rate of natural selection. after periods of stasis, new species evolve relatively rapidly. species change slowly and eventually form new species. some species change quickly and others change slowly to balance the overall rate.

How do adaptation affect a species?

Approximately percent of the energy created by cell metabolism is used by the body to carry on its normal functions, such as respiration, digestion, reproduction, muscular movement, circulation, and cellular regrowth.