When looking at the fossil record, similarities in anatomical structures can be seen. what is the term for the common ancestry?

Macroevolution. It is an evolution that is viewed above the level of species. This can be used to assess the diversity of the entire clade and the position to the tree. It encompasses the grandest trends and the transformation in the evolution. This can be done by by reconstructing the natural history of life using the evidences that can be found such as geology, fossils, and compared it to current living organisms. This can only be seen when we look on the large scale of life history.

If the experiment was perfomed more then once and you get the same results