You cross two fruit trees. one tree produces lemons with spiky leaves and bumpy fruit. the other produces lemons with smooth leaves and smooth fruit. your f1 generation produces lemons with smooth leaves and spiky leaves and bumpy fruit. what are the genotypes of the parents? l = lemons with bumpy fruit; l = lemons with smooth fruit; s = smooth leaf; s = spiky leaf.

the alleles are as follows;

L - lemons with bumpy fruit (dominant)

l - lemons with smooth fruit (recessive)

S - smooth leaf (dominant)

s - spiky leaf (recessive)

parents

one tree - lemons with smooth leaves and smooth fruits

one tree - lemons with spiky leaves and bumpy fruits 

if parents show recessive phenotype , this means that the genotype should be recessive homozygous - ll / ss

if parents show dominant phenotype genotype is dominant homozygous or heterozygous

parents    -                 S_ ll           x          ssL_

f1generation-

bumpy fruits with smooth leaves - SsLl 

bumpy fruits with spiky leaves - ssLl

since offspring are bumpy fruits it should either be Ll /LL, but one parent is ll therefore for the offspring to be Ll/ll the other parent should have homozygous LL. Then the offspring will be heterozygous for fruits

offspring have both spiky leaves - ss and smooth leaves Ss. for offspring to have heterozygous and homozygous both, since one parent is already homozygous, the other parent should have heterozygous alleles- Ss

the parents genotypes are Ssll and ssLL  

answer: - b cells

explanation: -

so, the b cells mediate their action by identifying the antigens present on the surface of the pathogens and then producing antibodies in return to mediate its effect.

because the light is a great source of energy for the plants to survive. (i hope this )