Which of the following best describes succession? a. the changes in species composition in a community over time as species colonize and area. b. the evolution of species through natural selection to becomes different species over time. c. all of these are good descriptions of succession. d. the reduction of biodiversity of an ecosystem over time.

Answer is A.The changes in species composition in a community over time as species colonize and area.

Plant succession is the evolution of plant communities at a barren place over time beginning from pioneer species to climax vegetation. The plant community changes the soil and micro-climate at each stage of the succession. This helps to establish another group of species.  This means as the succession develops one community of plants is replaced by another and eventually a climax community is reached where the vegetation is in a state of equilibrium with the environment and there is no further addition of new species

increase soil erosion                                             reduce soil erosion

cattle grazing                                                         hydroseeding

deforestation                                                         contour plowing

                                                                                planting vegetation

plant roots basically hold the top soil

together and stop soil erosion because

in such situation top soil is not removed

during flood but cattle grazing causes

soil erosion because cattle consume the

grasses and herbs and top soil is exposed.

same situation occurs because of

deforestation, the trees and plants are cut

down to expose top soil which causes soil

erosion

answer; i believe its echoic memory,it is believed to last three to four seconds; good luck