The mbuna cichlids of lake malawi are a model for adaptive radiation. currently, there are over 400 species, all derived from one common ancestral species. the graph shows the current count of species scientists have discovered in the lake. this diversification most likely took place because a) water temperatures varied with location. b) mutation happened at a very high rate in the lake ecosystem. c) different fish lineages evolved to take advantage of different foods. d) different fish groups were isolated by barriers within the lake from other groups.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

2polnis which of the following is an advantage of an in vitro experiment?me

What is the number of cells produced in mitosis