Why would you expect areas near volcanoes to be very lush with vegetation? a) volcanic soil releases acids that promote plant growth. b) volcanic soil releases a bad odor that keeps herbivores away. c) volcanic soil is too hard so human activity is limited. d) volcanic soil is very rich in nutrients from volcanic deposits. e) volcanic soil increases photosynthetic rate.

D) Volcanic soil is very rich in nutrients from volcanic deposits.

Explanation:

Volcanic eruptions result in the expulsion of ashes that spread over large areas around the volcanoes. Therefore, depending on the magma composition of a specific volcanic mountain, the resulting ash may have distinct amounts of various soil nutrients. Silica and oxygen occupy the largest percentage of elements released in the event of a volcanic eruption. The other elements include carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride.

Another factor that contributes to high levels of fertility in volcanic soil are some pieces of rock, such as feldspar and basalt, which have an abundance of minerals such as iron, magnesium and potassium. These are some of the most important minerals found in fertilizers to improve agricultural soil quality. Because the presence of these rock particles is incorporated into the soil, regions that have volcanic soil, such as valleys and mountain slopes, are typically more fertile than ordinary terrain.

only about ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to organisms at the next trophic level. the remainder of the energy is used in life processes or lost as heat.