What is a reasonable cost for a medical intervention in qaly?

The image shows the evolution of a species of fish. a few fish from a population developed different social behaviors and evolved into different species. two fish according to the image, the fish underwent . the new species of fish had mating seasons that were different from that of the original fish. because of the differences in mating seasons, the fish underwent reproductive isolation. this mode of isolation would be .

What will happen if two of the base pairs of the stand of the dna are switched

The primary organisms involved in the process bacteria and fungi.