Aclient is in a persistent vegetative state. the client has no immediate family and is a ward of the state. under these circumstances, who will speak on this client's behalf?

The decision to withdraw treatment is not a decision to withdraw care.  Comforting the patient's family does not become the primary role for the nurse. The nurse must continue to give sensitive care and comfortable measures even though life-sustaining treatment has been terminated.  

during expiration the diaphragm relaxes, which causes the diaphragm to move downwards. the contraction of diaphragm increases the space for expansion of lungs. hence, the diaphragm relaxes and positioned downward during expiration.