Chromatid strips at the center with a paperclip so an x is formed. each paper clip represents a centromere
q1. what process did you model when you cut the strips in half?

q2. what is the function of the centromere?

prophase 1: remove the nuclear membrane. place the blue chromosomes side by side. two xx’s in a row. repeat for the green pairs. simulate crossing over by measuring and cutting a 2 cm tip for a light blue strip. do the same with a dark blue strip. tape the light blue tip to the dark blue strip and repeat for the dark tip onto a light blue strip. repeat for green.

dark blue light blue dark green light green

q3. what is the purpose of placing the light and dark strips of the same color side by side?

metaphase 1: place four 10 cm strings inside the cell, so that two strings extend from one side into the center of the cell and two strings extend from the opposite side into the center of the cell. the string represents the spindle fibers. attach a string to the centromere of each chromosome (chromatid pair) with tape. move the chromosomes to the center of the cell. note: make sure that the strings attached to similar colors come from opposite sides of the cell. tetrades are now at the equator.
anaphase 1: gather the loose ends of the strings on both sides of the cell, and pull the strings in opposite directions.
telophase 1: un-tape the string from each centromere. place a 40 cm piece of string around each group of chromatids, forming two nuclei. place a 1 m piece of string around each cell, forming two membranes.
q4. how many chromosomes are in each cell? describe what each part represents.

meiosis 2
prophase 2: remove the strings that represent the nuclear membrane and the cell membranes in both cells. attach a 10 cm piece of string to each chromatid.
q5. what must happen before the chromatids to separate?

metaphase 2: move the chromosomes to the center of each cell. make sure the strings attached to the two strips in each chromosome come from opposite sides of the cell.
anaphase 2: gather the strings on both sides of each cell, and pull the strings in opposite directions, separating the paper strips. note: only one strip in each pair will have a paper clip attached.
telophase 2: untape the strings. remove the strings and paper clips. each strip of paper now represents a chromosome. place a 40-cm. piece of string around each group of chromosomes, forming four nuclei. place a 1m string around each cell, forming four membranes.
q6: how many cells did you make? how many chromosomes are in each cell? are the cells haploid or diploid in number?

analysis:
q7. what is the diploid chromosome number of the original cell in your model? how many homologous pairs does this represent?

q8. if a cell with a diploid number of 6 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, what will the cell look like after telophase 1? draw the result below:

q9. give two reasons why meiosis is important in sexual reproduction.

q10. how might crossing over affect the rate of evolution?

q11. use your model to show what would happen if homologous chromosomes did not pair in prophase 1. predict the outcome.

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