Mutations such as polyploidy and crossing over provide the genetic basis for a. evolution. c. biogenesis. b. spontaneous generation. d. sexual reproduction.

Evolution

Explanation:

Evolution is the gradual accumulation of genetic variations leading to the origin of a new better-adapted trait or population. The presence of genetic variations is required for evolution to occur. The evolutionary forces such as natural selection favor the beneficial genetic traits in the individuals. In the absence of genetic variations, evolution can not occur.

A mutation is a random change in the genetic material of living beings. Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis and produces new gene combinations. Both mutations and crossing over serve to add genetic variations in individuals of a population and facilitate the evolution.

the oceanic zone is typically defined as the area of the ocean lying beyond the continental shelf, but operationally is often referred to as beginning where the water depths drop to below 100 meters (328 feet), seaward from the coast to the open ocean.

explanation:

the form of energy changes and the total energy increases0l